Introducing Graphene–Indium Oxide Electrochemical Sensor for Detecting Ethanol in Aqueous Samples with CCD-RSM Optimization

There is significant demand for portable sensors that can deliver selective and sensitive measurement of ethanol on-site. Such have application across many industries, including clinical forensic work as well agricultural environmental analysis. Here, we report a new graphene–indium oxide electrochemical sensor the determination in aqueous samples. Graphene layers were functionalised by anchoring In2O3 to its surface developed composite was used sensing through cyclic voltammetry. The detection limit 0.068 mol/L it showed linear response increasing environment up 1.2 mol/L. most parameters involved their interactions optimization procedures studied using four-factor central design (CCD) combined with modelling (RSM). applied authentic